U OF T PROFESSORS DEVISE BETTER WAY TO TEST SIGHT IN BABIES In A Darke Essay U OF T PROFESSORS DEVISE BETTER WAY TO TEST SIGHT IN BABIES In an obscured room at Torontos Hospital forSickChildren, a child, its head dabbed with terminals, sits in itsmothers lap and watches blazing highly contrasting checkerboardsand stripes on a TV screen. Not long after the test, doctorswill know whether the kid can see and how well it can see. The testing method, which includes estimating cerebrum waveactivity incited by visual boosts (additionally called visual evokedpotentials or VEPs) has been culminated by Drs. Barry Skarf ofthe Department of Ophthalmology and Moshe Eizenman of U of TsInstituteTheir method is more exact than tests utilized elsewherebecause Eizenman has built up a novel,real-time computerprogram to extricate cerebrum wave reactions from amazingly smallpatterns (comparable in size to the primary concern of a standard eyetest) which produce considerably more solid results.Until now,doctors would need to extrapolate the babys capacity to seesmall upgrades from test results utilizing huge improvements. In Effect,Dr. We will compose a custom paper on U OF T PROFESSORS DEVISE BETTER WAY TO TEST SIGHT IN BABIES In A Darke explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Eizenman has built up a perspective on waves thatis more touchy than techniques already accessible, saysSkarf.At the HSC,VEPs are utilized in various clinicalapplications:to decide if avisualproblemiscognitive; to survey whether babies who dont seem to see wellwill see better in the future;to decide a course oftreatment for such issues in which one eye turns in or isweaker than the other eye. The second part of the researcherswork includes the improvement of a trigger for stereopsis, orbinocular vision, which is the combining of pictures from both eyesinto one picture that has depth.The issue with testingbinocular vision, clarifies Skarf,is that most stimulipresented to small kids have different prompts that can be seenwith one eye alone. We needed to devise improvements that can just beseen by the two eyes together and would create explicit brainwaves to the stimuli.Based on a binocular upgrade designed by an Americanresearcher, Eizenman had built up a boost that produces apattern on a television screen which resembles twisting (a blizzard) when seen with just one eye, however when seen throughspecial glasses with the two eyes transmits an unmistakable three-dimensional pattern.Skarf and Eizenman are presently trying binocular VEPs onyoung kids. They are inspecting youngsters with ordinary sightand assessing eye work in kids with visual clutters. This is the main trial of binocular vision to be conveyed outwith huge numbers. Utilizing this binocular upgrade with the verysensitive finder framework for breaking down responses,we trust tohave a framework which will permit us to test binocular vision inyoung babies, rapidly and effectively, and to quantify reactions in abetter path than before.In expansion to this clinical examination, Skarf now needs todirect his consideration regarding some essential exploration inquiries concerning thedevelopment of vision. We are keen on more than justdeveloping apparatuses. We need to know how binocular vision developsand which variables meddle with advancement. We need to findout what wheels turn in the cerebrum to create languid eyes andimpaired binocular vision. Skarf and Eizenman get financing from the MedicalResearch Council of Canada. CONTACT:Barry Skarf(416)598-6133Moshe Eizenman (416)978-5523

Literary Criticism of A Lesson Before Dying Essay Example

Scholarly Criticism of A Lesson Before Dying Paper Proposal: The relationship that creates among Jefferson and Wiggins structures the enthusiastic center of the novel. The power of A Lesson before Dying is an aftereffect of the exchange that Gaines powerfully renders between the unsettled detainee and the dampened teacher. Backing Do you see anybody here who could design a homicide, a theft, can plancan plan anything? A cornered creature to strike rapidly out of dread, an attribute acquired from his progenitors in the most profound Jungle of blackest Africayes, truly, that he can dobut to design? To design, men of their word of the Jury? No, honorable men, this skull here holds no plans. What you see here is a thing that follows up on order. A thing to hold the handle of a furrow, a thing to stack your parcels of cotton, a thing to burrow your trench, to hack your wood, to pull your corn. That is the thing that you see here, however you don't see anything equipped for arranging a theft or a homicide. (7-8) She is resolved, in the months her godson has left to live, to persuade him regarding his humankind: l dont need them to kill no hoard, she [says]. l need a man to go to that seat, on his own two feet' (13). Just as a changed man, the content infers, can Wiggins himself become an impetus for social fairness through training. Gainess account likewise focuses to the job that language can expect in representative oppression and in opportunity. We will compose a custom exposition test on Literary Criticism of A Lesson Before Dying explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Literary Criticism of A Lesson Before Dying explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Literary Criticism of A Lesson Before Dying explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Jefferson can perceive his humankind through composition (Wiggins has furnished him with a tablet and pencil). Opportunity through proficiency is an essential figure of speech in the African American expressive convention. Henry Louis Gates, in his vernacular hypothesis The Signifying Monkey (1988), contends that the primary engraving of this figure of speech is found in African American slave arratives, wherein the slave wrote to exhibit their own enrollment in the human network (Gates 128). Gaines means on this African American convention, capably making, through Jefferson, a countertext. It is through the demonstration of composing that Jefferson can satisfy his back up parents wish that he pass on with poise. With inconspicuous composition that gives a false representation of the multifaceted nature of the story, Gaines annals two mens Journey to self wortha emblematic change which urges the peruser to rethink the characteristics that describe a saint humiliating second By robincccc

Tim Is So Beautiful

Tim Is So Beautiful Earlier this month we launched  one of our new admissions videos called MIT Imagination. A lot of work went into that video. Elizabeth and I began writing the script in July 2011. We started filming in September. We recorded the music in March. We premiered in in April. Thats nine months. Thats like a human baby. And like a human baby, this big, drooly, adorable video is something that we love and are very proud of. The credits in the video say simply created with love by many people at MIT. And, as the full credits in the post show, it was indeed many people. But theres one person Id like to thank specifically. Michael Rodrigo is an MIT senior. He worked in the same office as me for a summer or two. We played rock band in 10-100 together (enough to get rock band taken away). But Rodrigo is also something even more awesome: hes Tim. Or at least one of the rotating cast of characters who played Tim. Now as you know, Tim was featured extensively  in MIT Imagination. And that means Rodrigo was featured extensively, even if you didnt see his face. But he spent hours and hours in that suit, in broiling September humidity, taking a lot of lumps as we had him try to do sillier and sillier things in a big, bulky beaver suit. So this video is for you, Rodrigo. A highlight reel of your finest moments in MIT Imagination, as a big fat thanks for being the best Tim we could ask for.

Mundra Port Special Economic Zone Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5255 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Tags: Banking Essay Did you like this example? The Government of India has taken a number of measures to encourage foreign investment into India, generally, with a particular focus on the export of goods and services out of India. These measures include the introduction in 2005 of a SEZ regime under which specified land is deemed to be foreign territory for the purposes of Indian customs controls, duties and tariffs. SEZs provide an internationally competitive and relatively unregulated environment for export-oriented activities. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mundra Port Special Economic Zone Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order The SEZ scheme has been designed to assist Indian companies overcome the various disadvantages and costs that may otherwise prevent investment and development. The rationale for SEZ in India includes: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Infrastructure According to industry estimates, it is estimated that the cost of infrastructure would be lower by approximately 20%, as materials and services purchased by the SEZ developer are exempted from customs, excise duty, service tax and central sales tax. Investments in SEZs are treated as infrastructure development and are thus eligible for exemption. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Financing The SEZ regime also provides for financing at international rates. It allows a company to establish offshore banking units (OBUs) and international financing centres (IFCs) in the SEZs. OBUs are entitled to an income-tax exemption for 10 years and they are exempt from the requirement of statutory liquidity ratio, which results in the availabili ty of more sources of funds. Such OBUs and IFCs will be exempted from tax deducted at the source on its borrowings and deposits from Non-Resident Indians. These measures are intended to reduce the OBUs cost of credit for SEZ-approved institutions. The services provided by an SEZ-approved institution are free from service tax and income tax, dividend payments are also free in the hands of payer and payee and a stamp duty exemption has been provided for SEZ estate transactions. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Exports Indias share in global trade is only 0.9% despite it being one of the fastest growing economies in the world. SEZ will help boost the exports of the country, particularly non traditional once, by making the same feasible and attractive. This will also in turn affect the foreign exchange earning capacity and contribute to the exchange rate stability. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Development Locations for SEZ plays a very important role in the development of ba ckward regions. New industries are setup which creates jobs and raises the standard of living for the region. Various parties are involved the establishment, development and operation of a SEZ, including the following: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ government and related governmental authorities that grant development rights for an SEZ establish policies and guidelines, assist with implementation and are empowered to provide financial support to an SEZ-approved institution. They are the most important party as they forgo the direct revenues and provide incentives for setting up of SEZ; ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Developers, including co-developers, which are enterprises engaged in the establishment and development of the zone, including to provide infrastructure such as roads, water and drainage systems; ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Operators, which are the enterprises engaged in the operation and/or maintenance of infrastructure facilities in the SEZ; à Æ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Tenants/units, which are the occupant enterprises within the SEZ and include enterprises engaged in a wide range of industries, including manufacturing, services and trading; and ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Residents, who are people employed by enterprises located in the SEZ and who reside within the SEZ boundary. Overview Mundra Port and Special Economic Zone Ltd. (MPSEZ) MPSEZ is the developer and operator of the Mundra Port, one of the leading non-captive private sector ports in India based on volume of cargo during fiscal 2007. It has got the exclusive right to develop and operate Mundra Port and related facilities for 30 years pursuant to the Concession Agreement entered on February 17, 2001 with the GMB and the Government of Gujarat. MPSEZ received approval as a developer of a multi-product SEZ at Mundra and the surrounding areas from the Government of India on April 12, 2006, making it one of the first port-based multi-product SEZs in India. MPSEZ is a part of the Adani Group, which has interests in different industries including commodities trading, coal mining, power trading, power generation, real estate development, agro processing and logistics, shipping and port operations. Mundra port is principally engaged in providing port services for: (i) bulk cargo, (ii) container cargo, (iii) crude oil cargo, and (iv) value-added port servic es, including railway services. In addition, it also generates income from land related and infrastructure activities. Container cargo handling and related operations are provided by the Container Sub-concessionaire. It commenced trial operations at Mundra Port in October 1998 and commercial operations in October 2001 as part of its phased operations plan, initially handling only bulk dry and liquid cargo. It has experienced growth in throughput at Mundra Port as a result of both increased volume of bulk cargo imports and exports and the addition of services, particularly container cargo and crude oil cargo capabilities and railway services. Financial Highlights The key aspects of MPSEZ performance during the financial year 2009-10 are as follows: Cargo volume increased by 12.79% from 35.72 million tones in 2008-09 to 40.29 million tones in 2009-10. Turnover increased by 20.70% from Rs. 1,17,944.66 Lacs in 2008-09 to Rs. 1,42,359.67 Lacs in 2009-10. Profit after Tax increased by 52.03% from Rs. 46,108.52 Lacs in 2008-09 to Rs. 70,097.56 Lacs in 2009-10. Earning Per Share (EPS) for the year increased by 51.95% from Rs. 11.51 in 2008-09 to Rs. 17.49 in 2009-10. Financials Indicators Dividend: In view of continuing consistent good and profitable performance, MPSEZ declared and paid Interim Dividend of Rs. 2.50 per share (25%) during the year 2009e Board of Directors recommended a Final Dividend of Rs. 1.50 per share (15%) making aggregate dividend of Rs. 4.00 per share (40%) on 40,06,78,820 Equity shares of Rs. 10.00 each and Dividend on 0.01% Non Cumulative Redeemable Preference Shares of Rs. 10.00 each for the Financial Year 2009-10. The total outgo on account of dividend was Rs.16, 028.89 Lacs. Resources and Liquidity: In its efforts towards continuous cost reduction and financial re-engineering, during the year 2009 Company issued Secured Redeemable Non-Convertible Debentures (NCDs) of face value of Rs.10,00,000/- each at par on private placement basis aggregating to Rs.1,100 crores and Commercial Papers aggregating to Rs. 750 Crores. This will result into savings in interest cost thereby lowering financial expenses. The Companys NCDs are listed on the Wholesale Debt Market Segment of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). Credit Rating: MPSEZ was given the strong credit rating by leading rating agencies. The NCDs aggregating to Rs. 250 crores have been rated AA (SO) by CARE Ratings and NCDs aggregating to Rs. 850 crores have been rated LAA by ICRA Ltd. The Commercial Papers have been rated A1+ by ICRA Ltd. Benefits Provided to MPSEZ under the SEZ act, 2005 Overriding Effect of SEZ Act over other laws Under Section 51 (1) of the SEZ Act, all the benefits granted under SEZ Act will be available to the company irrespective of the inconsistent provisions in other laws like Income Tax Act, Central Excise Act, Customs Act, Finance Act,1994 (Service tax). To the Company Under the SEZ Act, 2005 (the Act) Benefits available to the Company as an SEZ Developer 3.2.1 Under Section 26(1) of the Act, the company is entitled to the following exemptions, drawbacks and concessions, subject to the fulfilment of terms and conditions prescribed by the Central govt. in this regard, namely: (a) Exemption from any duty of customs, under the Customs Act, 1962 or the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 or any other law for the time being in force, on goods imported into, or service provided in a Special Economic Zone to carry on the authorized operations by the developer; (b) Exemption from any duty of customs, under the Customs Act, 1962 or the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 or any other law for the time being in force, on goods exported from, or services provided, from a Special Economic Zone, to any place outside India: (c) Exemption from any duty of excise, under the Central Excise Act, 1944 or the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985 or any other law for the time being in force, on goods brought from Domestic Tariff Area to a Special Economic Zone, to carry on the authorized operations by the developer (d) Drawback or such other benefits as may be admissible from time to time on goods brought or services provided from the Domestic Tariff Area into a Special Economic Zone or services provided in a Spec ial Economic Zone by the service providers located outside India to carry on the authorized operations by the developer (e) Exemption from service tax under Chapter-V of the Finance Act, 1994 on taxable services provided to a developer to carry on the authorized operations in a Special Economic Zone; (f) Exemption from the securities transaction tax leviable under section 98 of the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2004 in case the taxable securities transactions are entered into by a non-resident through the International Financial Services Centre (g) Exemption from the levy of taxes on the sale or purchase of goods other than newspapers under the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 if such goods are meant to carry on the authorized operations by the developer. 3.2.2 As per Rule 12(8) of SEZ Rules, 2006, as a developer, the company is allowed to make DTA clearance without any upper limits subject to permission of Specified Officer. 3.2.3 As per Section 3(13) of SEZ Act, 2005, subject to the provisions of this section and the letter of approval granted to a Developer, the Developer may allocate space or built up area or provide infrastructure services to the approved units in accordance with the agreement entered into by him with the entrepreneurs of such Units, purely on commercial basis on mutually agreed terms and conditions. There are no restrictions as to minimum number of units or minimum land area requirements for allotment of land to units and the developer has full freedom in allocation of developed land to units. 3.2.4 As per Section 7 of the SEZ Act, 2005, any goods or services exported out of, or imported into, or procured from the Domestic Tariff Area by, -a Developer; shall, subject to such terms, conditions and limitations, as may be prescribed, be exempt from the payment of taxes, duties or cess under all enactments specified in the First Schedule. The company is exempt for payment of taxes and cess payable under Agricultural Produce Cess Act, Oil Industry (Development) Act, Tobacco Cess Act, Research and Development (RD) Cess Act, 1986 etc. 3.2.5 In line with Rule 5(5)(c) of SEZ Rules, 2006 the company is allowed to carry on generation, transmission and distribution of power within a Special Economic Zone subject to the provisions of the Electricity Act, 2003 (No. 36 of 2003); 3.2.6 As per Section 14 (2) of the Gujarat SEZ Act, 2004, the company is allowed to levy user charges or fees as may be approved by the Development committee for providing infrastructural facilities, amenities like Electricity, Water, Waste Treatment plant, Telecom Connectivity and roads etc. Hence the company has full freedom to fix the user charges or other fees. 3.2.7 In line with Section 50(a) of SEZ Act, 2005 and as per Section 21(1) of the Gujarat SEZ Act, 2004, the company is entitled to exemption from stamp duty and registration fees payable on transfer of land, exemption from levy of stamp duty and registration fees on loan agr eements, credit deeds and mortgages executed by the company, exemption from sales tax, purchase tax, motor spirit, luxury tax, entertainment tax and other taxes and cess payable on sales and transactions within the entire SEZ. In line with Section 50(a) of SEZ Act, 2005 and as per Section 21(2) and 21(3) of the Gujarat SEZ Act, 2004, inputs (goods and services) purchased by the company from Domestic Tariff Area will be exempt from sales tax and other taxes under the State law. 3.2.8 As per Rule 27(4) of the SEZ Rules, 2006 Company may also source capital goods, without payment of duty, taxes or cess from a domestic or foreign leasing company, under a valid lease agreement and in such cases Developer shall jointly file documents for import or domestic procurement, as the case may be. Financial Indebtness Adani Group (MPSEZ) Adani Groups aggregate borrowings (consolidated) as of July 14, 2007 was as follows; Serial No Nature of Borrowing Amount ( Rs. Million) 1 . Secured Borrowing 14474.9 2. Unsecured Borrowing 8.4 The details of Adani Group secured borrowings are as follows: Sl. No Nature of Facility Amount Outstanding as on July 14, 2007 (in million) Repayment Schedule and Interest Rate 11 1 Term Loan of Rs. 650.0 million vide agreement dated August 9, 2004 from State Bank of India Rs. 635.1 Repayable in 20 equal half yearly instalments commencing after 8 quarters from commercial operations. Interest rate is 1.75 % below SBAR 1 2 Term Loan of Rs. 400.0 (eq. USD 8.4 million) million vide agreement dated August 9, 2004 from State Bank of India USD 8.4 Equivalent to Rs. 339.8 Repayable in 12 equal quarterly instalments of Rs.33.3 millions each commencing after the moratorium of 3 years. Interest rate is 1.75 % below SBAR 3 Standard loan agreement dated April 11,2005 with Bayerische Hypo-Und Vereins Bank Akiengesellschaft, Munich for USDcounter value of Euros 4.4 million (eq. USD 5.2 million) USD 4.2 equivalent to Rs. 167.9 Repayable in 14 equal consecutive semiannual instalments, starting from six months after the commissioning date or September 30, 2005, whichever is earlier.Interest rate is LIBOR plus 0.65% 4 Contract dated October 2, 2002 with Kowa Company Limited for JPY 392.9 (includes interest) for the purchase of the Tug NIL Repayable in 12 equal quarterly instalments of JPY 32.7 million starting from July 15, 2003 5 Loan of Rs. 270.0 million vide agreement dated May 30, 2001 with Life InsuranceCorporation of India. Rs. 86.3 Repayable in 40 equal quarterly instalments of Rs. 6.8 million starting from July 1, 2003 Interest rate is 2 % above the PLR 6 Loan of USD 13.9 million vide agreement dated April 29, 1997 with the Industrial Finance Corporation of India USD 6.9 equivalent to Rs. 280.5 Repayable in 22 equal half yearly instalments starting from August 14, 2001. Interest rate is LIBOR + 3.25 % Term loan of Rs. 250.0 million vide agreement dated November 30, 2004 with Oriental Bank of Commerce Rs. 164.2 Repayable in 20 half yearly instalments starting from April 2008 Interest rate is 3.50% below PLR 7 Conversion of rupee term loan to USD 8.0 million loan vide sanction letter dated April 19, 2004 with State Bank of India USD 5.4 equivalent to Rs. 219.0 Repayable in 40 consecutive equal quarterly instalments commencing from August 31, 2004 Interest rate is 3.50 % over LIBOR 8 Term loan of Rs. 500.0 million vide loan agreement dated May 12, 2001 with the Canara Bank Rs. 300.0 Repayable in 20 equal half yearly instalments commencing from August 2003 Interest rate is 3.25% below PLR 9 Subscription agreement dated February 9,2000 with Life Insurance Corporation of India for allotment of 1,400,000 Secured Redeemable Non Convertible Debentures of face value of Rs. 100. Rs. 70.0 Debentures to be redeemed in 40 quarterly instalments beginning August 1, 2002 Interest rate is 15 % per annum. 10 Loan of Rs. 682.4 million vide agreement dated March 18, 2006 with Allahabad Bank Rs.684.5 Repayable in 40 equal quarterly instalments starting from 44 months from the date of the m onth in which first disbursement under the facility took place or on December 31, 2009 whichever is earlier. Interest rate is 2.00 % per annum below Banks PLR 11 Dollar loan up to the limit of USD 13.9 million vide agreement dated September 5,1997 with Export-Import Bank of India USD 5.0 equivalent to Rs. 200.6 Repayable in 22 substantially equal half yearly instalments commencing from April 2001 Rate of interest is 3.25% over LIBOR 12 Loan in USD 2.9 Mn (equivalent of Deutsche Mark 6, 375,000.00) vide agreement dated May 3, 2000 with Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale, Dusseldorf USD 0.2 equivalent to Rs. 8.4 Repayable in 14 equal consecutive, semiannual instalments starting 6 months after the average weighted delivery or May 31, 2001.Rate of Interest is 0.6 % p.a. above USDLIBOR 13 Term Loan of Rs. 750.0 million vide agreement dated November 30, 2004 with Oriental Bank of Commerce. Rs. 743.6 Repayable in 20 half yearly instalments starting from April 2008. Rate of Interest is 3.50% below PLR 14 Term loan of Rs. 1,500.0 million vide agreement dated February 25, 2005 withAllahabad Bank. The loan availed is Rs.817.6 million. Rs. 613.5 Repayable in 16 equal half yearly installments commencing at the end of 6months from the date of disbursement.Rate of Interest is PLR minus 3.50% 15 Loan of Rs. 500.0 million vide agreement dated March 25, 2004 with Syndicate Bank Rs. 228.0 Repayable in 20 equal half yearly installments starting from August 2004 Interest rate is 3.0% less than the Banks PLR with a reset option at the end of the 5th year. 16 Loan of Rs. 3,000.0 million vide agreement dated May 20, 2005 with Infrastructure Development Finance Company Limited Rs. 2,768.9 Repayable in 180 monthly instalments commencing from July 25, 2005 Interest rate is the rate equal to the benchmark plus the spread for each disbursed tranche. 17 Term loan of Rs. 1,200.0 million vide loan agreement dated March 3, 2006 from UTI Bank Limited* * This sanctioned term loan includes L/C facilities of Rs. 495 million that shall get converted to term loan upon L/C retirement. Rs. 921.7 Repayable in 20 equal half yearly instalments starting from the end of 44 months from the month in which first disbursement took place or December 31, 2009, whichever is earlier. Interest rate is Banks PLR-3.75 %. 18 Loan of Rs. 1,000.0 million vide agreement dated June 30, 2006 with Syndicate Bank Rs. 775.0 Repayable in 20 equal half yearly installments after a moratorium of 44 months from the date of first draw down or December 21, 2009 whichever is earlier. Rate of interest is 2 % less than the Banks PLR. 19 Term Loan of Rs. 1,000.0 million vide agreement dated June 27, 2006 with Corporation Bank Rs. 330.0 Repayable in 40 equal quarterly instalments starting from the 24 months from the date of commercial operations, or December 31, 2009 or whichever is earli er Interest rate is 2% below Corporation Bank Bench Mark Advance Rate (COBAR) 20 Loan of Rs. 500.0 million vide agreement 2, 2004 with Syndicate Bank Rs. 332.6 Repayable in 16 equal half yearly instalments starting from August 2004 Interest rate is 2.5% less than the Banks PLR. 21 Term loan of Rs. 1,500.0 million vide sanction letter dated June 2, 2006 with State Bank of India and Term loan of Rs. 1440.0 million. Rs.2127.4 Repayable in 14 equal half yearly instalments commencing from December 31, 2009 or 24 months from date of commercial operations, whichever is earlier. Interest rate is 1.25% below SBAR 22 Loan for Rs.1,000.0 million vide sanction letter dated March 10, 2006 with Allahabad Bank Rs. 303.8 Repayable in 40 equal quarterly instalments, commencing at the end of 44 months from the month in which first disbursement took place or on December 31, 2009 whichever is earlier. Interest rate is 2% below PLR 23 Loan for Rs.1,000.0 million vide sanction letter dated July 11, 2006 with Canara Bank Rs. 973.2 Repayable in 20 equal half yearly instalments, commencing at the end of 44 months from the month in which first disbursement took place or on December31, 2009 whichever is earlier Interest rate is 9% 24 Loan for Rs.1,000.0 million vide sanction letter dated July 11, 2006 with Canara Bank Rs. 353.6 Repayable in 40 equal quarterly instalments, commencing at the end of 24 months from the commercial operations date or on December 31, 2009 whichever is earlier. Interest rate is 9% 25 Term loan of Rs. 500.0 million vide sanction letter dated April 28, 2006 with State Bank of Hyderabad and Term loan of Rs. 500.0 million Rs 364.1 Repayable in 14 equal half yearly instalments commencing from December 31, 2009 or 24 months from date of commercial operations, whichever is earlier. Interest rate is 2.25% below SBHPLR 26 Bills accepted under letters of credit issued against Secured Term Loans sanctioned by banks Rs. 500.8 Repayment and Interest terms as per the respective Secured Term Loans 2 Vehicle Loan from ICICI Bank Rs. 0.5 Repayable under Equated Monthly Instalment scheme (Note: 1 USD = Rs. 40.47; 100 JPY = Rs. 33.05) 1. As security for the repayment of the loans, Adani Group created charge on a variety of its assets for the repayment of its loans and debt obligations. These assets are as follows: (i) The immovable and movable assets and properties (including the tugs and other marine vessels) including the proposed Terminal 2 assets, fixed assets of the SPM project and all its intangible assets including the goodwill and future immovable assets acquired for the project; (ii) Adani Groups revenue/receivables from the operations of Mundra Port and the SPM facility, TRA account and other bank accounts except in relation to IOCs SPM project; (iii) Groups rights under the concession agreement and various sub concession agreements, insu rance contracts, lease deeds and other port services agreements excluding the agreements related to IOCs SPM project; (iv) A first charge on all the revenue/receivables of the Company from the project or otherwise; and (v) Capital goods required for implementation of railway project at Mundra. 2. Adani Group can also not undertake the following actions without the prior approval of its lenders: (i) Change its capital structure or the Memorandum of Association/Articles of Association; (ii) Formulate any scheme of amalgamation or reconstruction or undertake any merger or compromise with its creditors; (iii) Invest in shares or advance funds to or place a deposit with any other concern other than in the normal course of business; (iv) Declare dividends for any year except out of profit relating to that year; (v) Sell or transfer whole or substantial part of its business; (vi) Change its management control or its promoters control or material change in composi tion of its Board of Directors; (vii) Undertake any guarantee/obligations on behalf of any other company; (viii) Undertake any new project or change the scope of present projects; and (ix) Take loans from other lenders In addition, in the event of default on payment of the loans, some of its lenders have the right to appoint directors Under the loan agreement dated August 9, 2004 with the State Bank of India, the Adani Group has undertaken to maintain a minimum share holding of 51 % in Adani Group throughout the tenor of the loan. Material Agreements Concession Agreement with Gujarat Maritime Board and the Government of Gujarat Adani Group has entered into a concession agreement on February 17, 2001 (Concession Agreement) with the GMB and the Government of Gujarat (acting as a confirming party). The Concession Agreement grants us the right to develop, operate and maintain a port at Mundra and supersedes all previous permissions granted in this regard. The Concession Agreement is valid for 30 years and upon its expiry, we shall transfer the port to GMB. It has also entered into a separate Lease and Possession Agreement whereby requisite land necessary for the port has been leased to the group. The Group has been granted the following rights and entitlements under the Concession Agreement: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Develop both Core Assets such as multi purpose jetty, jetty approach head and dry bulk/container jetty and Contracted Assets such as a multi purpose terminal, container/dry bulk, shared services, liquid and other terminal and other intangible assets for the port; ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ šÂ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ Grant sub-concessions for all assets except core assets. However, all sub-concessions shall be consistent with the Concession Agreement and shall automatically terminate upon termination or expiry of the Concession Agreement. ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢ The key promoters, such as the Government of Gujarat, Adani Groups Promoters and their associates, shall have a minimum shareholding of 51% in us for at least seven years after the signing of the Concession Agreement. Further, any acquisition of 10% or more shareholding in the group will require the prior approval of the GMB. The GMB also has the right to nominate one director on the groups Board of Directors. Lease and Possession Agreement with GMB Adani Group has entered into a lease and possession agreement (LPA) on September 28, 2000 with the GMB for the lease of 3,404.37 acres at Navinal Island and village Dhrub, Taluka Mundra, Kutch, along with a right to use the foreshore land and water front for 30 years. The lease has been granted for the development and operation of a port and the group has been granted exclusive rights. The lease rent payable is Rs. 2,380,182.25 per annum, payable by April 30 every year. The rent shall increase by 20% every three years. Adani Group and all sub-lessees are entitled to mortgage all assets (except Core Assets) for payment of dues to a bank or financial institution without the prior permission of the GMB. Share Purchase and Shareholders Agreement with Project Monitoring and Construction Limited (PMC) Paras Tradelinks Private Limited and Amerzinc Products Private Limited (Purchasers) had purchased 15 million Equity Shares of Adani Group from Adani Port Infrastructure Limited and Adani Properties Private Limited (Sellers) for Rs. 1,200 million. The Equity Shares sold to the Purchasers comprise 14 million Equity Shares sold by APIPL and 1 million Equity Shares sold by Adani Properties Private Limited. The Purchasers had also entered into a Share Purchase and Shareholders Agreement (PMC SPSA) dated October 14, 2005 with the Sellers, Adani Group and the Promoters (Adani Infrastructure Services Limited), to evidence the share purchase and to determine the rights and obligations of the Purchasers within the company. Subsequently, the Purchasers have, through a Share Purchase Agreement (PMC SPA) dated January 27, 2006 sold the 15 million Equity Shares held by them to PMC for Rs. 1,200 million. All the rights and obligations of the Purchasers under the PMC SPSA have also been assigne d in favour of PMC. PMC has signed a deed of adherence along with the Purchasers, Sellers and the Company on January 27, 2006 (a) Amendment of Memorandum or Articles of Association of the Company or any additional borrowings resulting in a change in debt: equity ratio from 2.5:1; (b) Related party transactions in excess of Rs. 25 million; (c) Any sale/merger/acquisition/joint venture/subsidiary having an aggregate value in excess of Rs. 2,500 million per fiscal year or any capital investment of more than Rs. 2,5000 million in a fiscal year except for the Terminal 2 and second stage assets; and (d) Dividend of more than Rs. 1,500 million in any fiscal year or amendment/ termination of agreement with key partners. As per the PMC SPSA, Adani Group was required to inform PMC 45 days prior to filing of any offer document for an initial public offering. Group was also required to inform PMC of the price band for such initial public offering 30 days prior to filing of the of fer document. The said clauses have been amended vide an amendment letter dated February 16, 2007 and PMC has waived its right to receive prior information in relation to filing of the offer document and the price band for the initial public offering. Pursuant to the amendment letter dated February 16, 2007, Adani Group is required to inform the Purchasers of the filing of the DRHP within three days of such filing. Further, the Sellers and Adani Group are also required to inform PMC of the indicative price band for the initial public offering simultaneously along with the intimation of the filing of the DRHP. Prior to the listing of the Equity Shares, PMC also has a right of first refusal, in proportion to its shareholding, with respect to any fresh shares issued by the Company. PMC has a tag-along right for any transfer of Equity Shares by the Sellers, if such transfer is (a) more than 5% of Adani Groups issued, subscribed and paid up equity capital in one transaction or seri es of transactions within 12 months, or (b) in excess of aggregate of 10% of share capital of Adani Group held by the Sellers for a pre IPO placement. No transfer of Equity Shares by the Sellers shall take place if such transferee refuses to purchase the Equity Shares offered by PMC. This tag-along right shall survive the initial public offering of Equity Shares of Adani Group. Any transfer of Equity Shares in violation of such tag-along right shall be treated as a breach of the PMC SPSA and will be void. The PMC SPSA shall terminate upon PMC or any of its assignees not having any Equity Shares. Except for the tag-along rights granted to PMC, the other rights and obligations of the parties under the PMC SPSA shall also terminate upon the listing of MPSEZ Equity Shares. Any dispute in relation to the PMC SPSA, including in relation to any alleged breach or termination of the PMC SPSA will be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The Sellers, PMC, Purchasers and Adani Group have also entered into a Representation and Warranty Share Purchase and Shareholders Agreement with Kudos International (Kudos) Media Data Processing Computer and Research Private Limited and Amerzinc Products Private Limited (Purchasers) purchased 15 million Equity Shares of Adani Group from Adani Port Infrastructure Limited and Adani Properties Private Limited (Sellers) for Rs. 1,200 million. The Equity Shares sold to the Purchasers comprise 14 million Equity Shares sold by APIPL and 1 million Equity Shares sold by Adani Properties Private Limited. The Purchasers had also entered into a Share Purchase and Shareholders Agreement (Kudos SPSA) dated October 14, 2005 with the Sellers, MPSEZ and the Promoters (Adani Infrastructure Services Limited), to evidence the share purchase and to determine the rights and obligations of the Purchasers within Adani Group. Subsequently, the Purchasers have, through a Share Purchase Agreement (Kudos SPA) dated January 27, 2006 sold the 15 million Equity Shares held by them to Kudos for Rs. 1,200 million. All the rights and obligations of the Purchasers under the Kudos SPSA have also been assigned in favour of Kudos. Kudos has signed a deed of adherence along with the Purchasers, Sellers and the Company on January 27, 2006 whereby all parties have agreed that the Kudos SPSA is valid and subsisting and that all rights and obligations thereunder have been transferred in favour of Kudos. Kudos has been granted the same rights and is subject to the same obligations under the Kudos SPSA as have been granted to PMC under the PMC SPSA. The Kudos SPSA shall terminate upon Kudos or any of its assignees not having any Equity Shares. Except for the tag-along rights granted to Kudos, the other rights and obligations of the parties under the Kudos SPSA shall also terminate upon the listing of our Equity Shares. Any dispute in relation to the Kudos SPSA, including in relation to any alleged breach or termination of the Kudos SPSA will be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. Agreement dated January 27, 2006 whereby Adani Group and the Sellers have confirmed their representations and warranties under the Kudos SPSA and the Kudos SPA. The parties have also agreed that in case of default in payment on any bonds or other instruments by Kudos, all its rights and obligations under the Kudos SPA and Kudos SPSA shall be transferred in favour of the bondholder and/or lender. Kudos has currently issued bonds to 3i Group Plc. Shareholding in Kutch Railway Company Limited Adani Group entered into a shareholders agreement (Kutch SHA) on April 22, 2004 with the Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL), Government of Gujarat (GoG), Kandla Port Trust (KPT) (RVNL, GoG, KPT.The Kutch Railway Company Limited (KRC) to regulate the mutual rights and obligations of RVNL, GoG, KPT and Adani Group in KRC, a special purpose vehicle incorporated for implementation of the gauge conversion of the railway line between Gandhidham and Palanpur stations. KRC has entered into a concession agreement with the Ministry of Railways, Government of India for implementing the gauge conversion. Adani Group have 20% shareholding in KRC whereas RVNL, GoG and KPT have 50%, 4% and 26% shareholding, respectively, in KRC. Each Investor is subject to a lock in whereby it cannot transfer any of its shares within one year after the commercial operations date. Any transfer during the lock-in period can only be done to other Investors in proportion of their shareholding. After the lock-in perio d, the other Investors have the first right to acquire the shareholding of the proposed transferor. In case the other Investors do not acquire the shares within 14 days of the offer, the proposed transferor can sell the shares to a third party at no more favourable terms. Matters such as (i) merger or acquisition of any other company by KRC or change in capital structure or amendment of memorandum or articles of association of KRC; (ii) declaration of dividend; (iii) proposal for listing of shares; or (iv) establishment of subsidiaries or joint ventures or diversification into new businesses, shall require a super majority resolution of both the Board of Directors of KRC and at shareholder meetings. Super majority resolution means the approval of all directors present at such board meeting or in the case of shareholders meeting, three fourths of shareholders present and voting. The Kutch SHA may be terminated upon the listing of the shares on a stock exchange, winding up or an y other event which may result in termination. Shareholding in Adinath Polyfills Private Limited Adani Group has also entered into a Shareholders Agreement with Mr. Madanlal Nahta and Mr. Javerilal Nahta (collectively, the Nahtas) and Adinath Polyifills Private Limited (Adinath) on June 6, 2006. Adinath is engaged in salt manufacturing and holds 2,200 acres of land on leasehold basis from the Government of Gujarat.

Augustine s City Of God - 1607 Words

Augustine’s City of God, as a whole, attempts to make the argument that the only place where true happiness can be attained is the city of God. To begin this case, he starts with the claim that human happiness is not available or attainable in this lifetime and that it is vain to think so. He argues that happiness is not a human achievement but instead a gift from God in the afterlife. This claim is controversial because it refutes what previous philosophers have been saying about happiness for centuries. It flips around ideas like Aristotle’s that stated that happiness came from exercising your virtues and instead says that humans are unable to do so. I believe that his argument is valid and logically makes sense, but I do not agree with what it means and what it is built upon. Augustine uses a three-premise deductive argument to defend his claims. This means that using three pieces of evidence, he will attempt to decisively prove that his conclusion is true. 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The Effects of Classical Music on Individual Free Essays

string(162) " simply listening to classical music is unlikely to produce these gains, but various studies indicate that playing music does enhance certain brain-based skills\." ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research paper is made possible through the help and support from everyone, including: parents, teachers, family, friends, and in essence, all sentient beings. Especially, please allow me to dedicate my acknowledgment of gratitude toward the following significant advisors and contributors: First and foremost, I would like to thank Kamal Vai who is the lead guitarist of the band Aurthohin and one of the most renowned musician of our country for his support and encouragement. He gave me numerous  valuable information and admiration to my research. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Classical Music on Individual or any similar topic only for you Order Now And my course instructor for giving me guidelines and supports through the research. Secondly, I would like to thank my friends Zahid Neloy, Nahid Islam and Nahian Mahmud Alvi to read my thesis and to provide valuable advice, a brother Jefry to reproof the paper, as well as all the other people who have taught me a lot about classical music. Finally, I sincerely thank to my parents, family, and friends, who provide the advice and financial support. The product of this research paper would not be possible without all of them. ABSTRACT Music has immense influence on people.  Control Key and Word – Text and Graphics. Almost in every culture they have their own traditional music and anthem. It is actually another way of expressing ideas and emotions. Classical music is the root of all music and still practiced by a number of musicians. For my primary research I surveyed general people where I tried to cover all groups of age for their opinions about classical music. How different feelings generate through this music and what do they think of this music. What I found is that so many other genres took the position of classical music and its popularity is on decrease. But still there are groups of people who are well aware of its contribution to music and influence on people and tradition. It is still a great source of entertainment and used widely in background music on TV programs and movies. It is used in restaurants, family parties and clubs. It has effect on peoples mind and many research and studies have done if it can be used in betterment of humanity. It is indeed different from other genres and people have respect and feeling about this music. Comfort is what come to most of the peoples mind when listening to it. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Background 3. Research Questions 4. Hypothesis 5. Methodology 6. Data Presentation and Analysis 7. Summery and Findings 8. Conclusion INTRODUCTION â€Å"If I were not a physicist, I would probably be a musician. I often think in music. I live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of music. † ?  Albert Einstein Can you find any people who doesn’t listen to music at least in some extent? At present days it is really hard. People’s feelings and emotions are connected to music. And when talking about classical music it goes back centuries. There are lot to know about music and its development. And when it comes to development of music, classical music cannot be avoided. Because it is the root of all music. It is as much interesting as it seems at first glance. There is lot to know about music and how it evolved to modern day music. I found many astonishing information about classical music which people would yearn to know. Before starting I want to mention the name of Mozart . He is one of the most prominent musician all time. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart(27 January 1756  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 5 December 1791)  born in Germany, was a prolific and influential composer of the  Classical era. He composed over 600  works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of  symphonic,  concertante,  chamber,  operatic, and  choral  music. He is among the most enduringly popular of  classical  composers. Classical music is one of the most influential musical genres in the music industry. Many writings, speeches, poets have been written to it. Many people find it useful to listen to this music. Comfort is what comes to their minds while listening to it. Different music is for different situation. People choose it to be heard in calm environment. They recommend classical music in restaurants, clubs and family parties. The effects of classical music can vary from person to person. There is a term called â€Å"The Mozart Effect† which refers to effects on the pregnant woman and the newborn baby. Classical music improves cognitive ability which has positive impact on both young and old. However, it is commonly agreed that music has a profound effect on mood, spatial intelligence, memory and language. This is why in the west it is used as background music in some schools. BACKGROUND Studies suggest that listening to classical music decreases tension and improves mood (Rea et al. , 2010). Research also indicates that playing music enhances specific aspects of intelligence such as verbal ability and spatial-temporal reasoning, though it does not increase general intelligence. Classical Music and Linguistic Abilities A number of research studies have supported the fact that classical music can have a positive effect on linguistic abilities. One study found that those who listened to Vivaldi while exercising increased their scores on verbal fluency tests after their workouts compared to those who exercised without music (Ohio State University, 2004). Another study of 90 boys in Hong Kong between the ages of 6 and 15 found that those who learned to play music with their school’s string orchestra program scored higher on tests of verbal memory than a control group that did not receive musical training. The boys in the music group were also able to learn more new words than those in the control group (Yim-Chi Ho et al. 2003). The Mozart Effect The Mozart effect has been the subject of much research in recent years, after it was found that listening to Mozart’s music may increase specific types of intelligence, particularly spatial-temporal abilities (Rauscher et al. 1993). However, a recent meta-analysis conducted by Pietschnig et al. (2009) suggests that simply listening to classical music is unlikely to prod uce these gains, but various studies indicate that playing music does enhance certain brain-based skills. You read "The Effects of Classical Music on Individual" in category "Papers" Rauscher et al. 1997) found that children who were given keyboarding lessons, taught musical notation and other music-related skills, and learned to play simple melodies by Mozart and Beethoven achieved scores that were approximately 30% higher on tests of spatial-temporal reasoning than children of the same age who did not receive musical training, and these effects did not diminish over time. Thus, it appears that greater gains can be achieved by not only listening to music but also learning about it and creating it. Experiments have also been conducted to determine whether rats and mice are subject to the Mozart effect. Rauscher et al. 1998) found that in-uteri and early childhood exposure to Mozart improved the ability of rats to solve mazes quickly later on, though Steele (2003) argues that the evi dence is weak, given that some other researchers have not been able to replicate the results. David Merrill conducted an experiment in which one group of mice were subject to round-the-clock classical music and another to heavy metal music while a third acted as a control group in a no-music condition. The Mozart mice made good progress in reducing their maze-solving times, but the first experiment was cut short when the heavy metal mice attacked and killed one another. A second experiment with lower music volumes and mice separated to prevent violence yielded results in favor of Mozart: The classical music mice solved the mazes more rapidly than those in the other two groups, and the heavy metal mice became worse at maze-solving than when they had first been introduced to the mazes (Wertz, 7 February 1998). Mozart’s Music and Epilepsy Mozart’s music has a beneficial effect on those suffering from epilepsy. A study of epileptics found that listening to Mozart’s music, even when unconscious, decreased epilepsy brain activity in the majority of subjects. A case study of one girl found that her seizures decreased significantly after listening to Mozart for just 10 minutes of each waking hour (Jenkins, 2001). Concentration and Classical Music Despite the above results, there have been several studies that indicate that although classical music is helpful for memorizing, it is not as helpful for mental concentration and or test-taking. A research study conducted by Robert Hjortsberg of Loyola University found that their test subjects performed mental tasks more effectively without any music as compared to classical music. A research study conducted by Mike Manthei at the University of Nebraska confirmed the above results and found that classical music had a negative impact on students taking math exams. How Classical Music Can Be Used On Classroom Background Finding out about which type of music is best to play in the classroom can help students enjoy your classes and improve their concentration. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of music on cognitive ability, and the potential benefits music can have on concentration, enjoyment, comprehension and spatial-temporal reasoning have attracted the attention of many researchers. According to research, any music is better than no music, and baroque, classical and rock music can have positive effects. Classical Music Improves Surgery Music soothes savage beasts of all ages. The power of Bach, Mozart, Beethoven and other classical composers lay in their ability to create a variety of moods. For centuries, listeners have relaxed with classical music, energized themselves, honed their concentration, or captured elusive sleep. With classical music, a romantic interlude still appears in the middle of a turbulent day or a solemn occasion turns inspiring. Read on to learn how to relax with classical music. Additional Classical Music Experiments Capers (2009) details the use of classical music to reduce crime in various contexts, the most impressive of which was the London Underground experiment, whereby classical music was piped throughout London’s crime-infested subway system. The result was a 37% decrease in vandalism, a 33% reduction in robbery and 25% fewer staff assaults. North et al. (2003) found, in keeping with prior research in other contexts, that people spend more money when listening to classical music. Those eating at a particular restaurant purchased more food and drinks when the restaurant played classical music than they did listening to pop music or in the no-music condition. RESEARCH QUESTIONS As you have seen in my topic my research is about influence of classical music on individual. For conducting my research I came up with some major questions. I will be focusing on these questions which will help me go through my research. My research will address the following research questions: * What do people feel about classical music? * What is the special thing about this music comparing to other genres? What do musicians say about classical music? * How popular is it? * In which areas classical music can be used? * In what state of mind classical music can be useful? * What image in the mind comes out while listening to classical music? HYPOTHESIS With these research questions I am expecting to have all my answers which will help me go through my research. I expect classical to b e averagely popular among the other genres of music. Though this music feels soothing I expect it to be difficult to cover and only expert musicians are seen to cover. I expect people’s feelings should be different because different people has different taste of music. I expect this music is for calm peoples and those who are middle aged. There is a group of young generation among whom classical music is very popular. There was a huge popularity of classical music in the early 19th century among renowned musicians and I expect it remains the same today. METHODOLOGY For my primary research, I conducted a survey of a representative sampling of the general public in Dhaka City on their views and feelings about classical music. To that end I designed a questionnaire with different types of questions so as to get a range of useful data which will help me to answer my research questions. I took my survey on 51 people from whom 35 of them were male and 16 were female. My target ager groups were 18-24 and 25-36. But most of the representatives of my survey were in 18-24 group. For my secondary research I planned to see the resources of the library and also consulted few books and autobiographies of people who are attached to music. I also browsed the internet and use standard search engines like Google for further information. DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS Let me go through and explain the data I found through my primary research. Do you listen to music? This is my first question in my questionnaire. The reason of this question was I wanted to ask a general question about music that how people likes music. It resulted that around 84% of the people listens to music. 12% of them somewhat listens. And only 4% of the people doesn’t listen to music. So, we can say that almost all people listens to music. How would you grade classical music among other genres? Here, the peak was for â€Å"very good†. 46% people graded very good comparing to other genres. Slightly below was â€Å"fair â€Å". 2% of the people said classical music is fair. The other two was significantly low, 10% for poor, and 12% for excellent. What kind of feeling do you get while listening to it? This is another question about how people feel while listening to classical music. Lagging far behind others options comfort got 46%. Joy and neutral was somewhat n ear, 20% and 14%. Others choices were significantly low. When are you to listen to this kind of music? Another important question was in what situations and circumstances people tend to listen to classical music. 34% people chose anytime. A slightly below 30% said in a free time. There are people who would like to listen to it while working(14%) and when taking a rest(16%). Another was on a journey which took only 6%. How classical music is popular among people? Here I just wanted to know what people think of its popularity. Only 6% said it is very popular. 40% was the highest somewhat popular. A little less got the neutral part around 34%. 6% of the people said that it is very unpopular. How likely are you to listen to this music? Most people are somewhat likely to listen to this music as the graph above shows. Here around 41% are somewhat likely to listen to classical music. Very likely and neutral both got 17% of the vote. Others are insignificant. Classical music is for all generations. Lastly I asked a question where people would stop and think for a while at this question. 64% people agree that classical music is for all generation. Way below only 20% people disagreed with it and even lower 16% people strongly agreed. No one marked for strongly disagree. SUMMARY AND RESEARCH FINDINGS After all the research I have done, what I found is some important notations on classical music. Classical music is an average popular genre of music. Its popularity is on decrease. Many of the modern genre has taken place of it. People mostly young ones are rarely to listen to such music. People who are middle aged are mostly the customers of classical music. One thing people agreed is that classical music is the root of all music. It has created a foundation by which other genres made its’ appearance. It has influence on number of different cultures including ours. Thus no one can refuse it’s importance. CONCLUSION Nothing comes without a reason. If classical music had no influence there were no practices, compositions, covers, performance, notation, theory of this genre. It has indeed did great to individual and society. Different people find different essence with it. Different people recommend this music in different situations. There had been famous musicians of classical music who have taken places in history. Researchers have been done and studies had been conducted to find suitable ways for this music. Though it is not that popular as it were in early classical era it is indeed practiced by many musicians still now and people still has great respect for it. REFERENCES Adams, St. (2012). Classical music improves surgery. The Telegraph. Retrieved from http://www. elegraph. co. uk/health/healthnews/9169589/Classical-music-improves-surgery. html Beentjes, J. W. J. , Koolstra, C. M. , ; van der Voort, T. H. A. (1996). Combining background media with doing homework: Incidence of background use and perceived effects. Communication Education, 45, 59-72. Campbell, Don (1997). The Mozart Effect: Tapping the Power of Music to Heal the Body, Strengthen the Mind, and Unlock the Creative Spirit. ISBN  0-380-97418-5. Cox, M. 0. (1981). Effects of hypnotherapy and relaxation training on mathematics achievement. (Doctoral Dissertation, Texas A;M University, 1981). Dissertation Abstracts IntemationaL 42/10, 4186. Etaugh, C. , ; Michaels, D. (1975). Effects on reading comprehension of preferred music and frequency of studying to music. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 41, 553-554. Fagen, J. , Prigot, J. , Carroll, M. , Pioli, L. , Stein, A. , ; Franco, A. (1997). Auditory context and memory retrieval in young infants. Child Development, 68, 1057-1066. Friedman, B. (1959). An evaluation of the achievement in reading and arithmetic of pupils in elementary school instrumental music classes. (Doctoral Dissertation, New York University, 1959). Dissertation AbstractsInternational, 60, 3662-A-3663A. Jourdain, Robert. Music, the Brain and Ecstasy. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. ,1997. Lundin, Robert W. An Objective Psychology of Music. Malabar: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, 1985. Pool, M. M. , Koolstra, C. M. , ; van der Voort, T. H. A. (2003). The impact of background radio and television on high school students’ homework performance. Journal of Communication, 53(1), 74-87. Rauscher, F. H. , Shaw, G. L. , Levine, L. J. , Wright, E. L. , Dennis, W. R. , Newcomb, R. L. (1997). Music  training causes long-term enhancement of preschool children’s spatial-temporal reasoning. Neurological Research, 19, 2-8. Steele, K. M. , Bass, K. E. , ; Crook, M. D. (1999). The mystery of the Mozart effect: Failure to replicate. Psychological Science, 10 (4), 366-369. Thompson, W. F. , Schellenberg, E. G. ; Husain, G. (2001). Mood, arousal, and the Mozart effect. Psychological Science, 12(3), 248-251. Wertz, M. , the Schiller Institute. (17 February 1998). â€Å"Why Classical Music Is the Key to Education† in â€Å"Towards A New Renaissance in Classical Education. † SchillerInstitute. org. How to cite The Effects of Classical Music on Individual, Papers

A Life In The Day Of Adam Cook Before I wake up I normally have some sort of dream, these dreams can range from Essay Example For Students

A Life In The Day Of Adam Cook Before I wake up I normally have some sort of dream, these dreams can range from Essay Before I wake up I normally have some sort of dream, these dreams can range from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Well the best way to describe them is weird I never know were they come from. For instance there could be some sort of disease going around and everyone would have it except me. The worst bit is when I wake up and think its actually happened. On days when I have this sort of dream I wake up at about 6:30. But on days when I dont I wake up at about 00h.Then I realise the clock is upside down and it says 4:00. Try as I might I can never get back to sleep again and this makes me really tired all day. I suppose going to bed at about midnight doesnt help. After I have woken up properly I have to under take the mission of: Escape bed room boom site! It is almost always pitch black in my room so I cant see anything. So I tiptoe slowly to the door hoping I wont Step on something. Only to find action man accessories clinging to my feet. Other times I just take a bound for the door. Only to end up unconscious due to my closed door. After that I go into the bath room and turn the shower on. While Im waiting for it to heat up I go to the loo. When its finally hot enough I take my close off and get in. I try to get the soap but it always slips out of my hand and whizzes round the bath tub like a ferret on speed. So I just stick with the shower gel. After I get out of the shower I plod or fall down the stairs knowing that my mum has hidden my clothes somewhere. They always happen to be in last the place I check. After I have got dressed I go to get some breakfast. If my brother hasnt pigged them all is normally have honey nut shredded wheat. I just cant stand milk so I put a miniscule amount of it on my cereal. Now Im ready for school but its only about 7:00 and I dont leave until 8:00, so I switch on the TV. Even though I have sky digital and have god knows how many channels theres never ever anything good on so I end up watching Tom and Jerry, the Smurfs or something along those lines. When its finally 8:00 I leave for school and the most annoying thing about walking to school is when its winter and its a sunny day. The sun is really low in the sky so when I walk down my road I have to look at the ground because the sun blinds me. When I get to the end of my road I wait for one of my friends, called Matthew. He is always late if  you tell him one time hell be there ten minuets later. After hes finally arrived we set off for Toms house. Tom is the compete opposite of Matthew in the way that he is always early for something. Sometimes he can really annoy me because all he ever wants to talk about is how far hes got on the newest computer game. When Matt and I get close to toms house Tom is waiting out side for us with his brother Chris. Then Tom will go back inside his house realising hes forgotten something making us wait for another five minuets. When Tom comes out of his house again we set off for the school, and we nearly get hit by five cars. Then as we approach the school we hear the bell and shift into top gear and race to the school gate. .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472 , .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472 .postImageUrl , .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472 , .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472:hover , .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472:visited , .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472:active { border:0!important; } .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472:active , .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472 .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53c2daff5b04ce454a24f99b11567472:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Building A Campfire EssayLike most people I dont like school that much I find it rather boring and tedious. My school day consists of five hour long lessons and two short breaks, which I can easily deal with but its the homework which I really hate I really do think that it was invented by a lazy teacher so they didnt have to supervise. What makes it even worse is that theres one teacher who gives us homework and only gives us one night to do it in. Well thats enough about school its too much of a depressing subject. At about 2:55 I leave school and go home along the same route I took to get there. When I get home I like to relax and do nothing for a while. Once I feel I have had enough rest Ill either watch TV or play on my computer. Its normally not until after dinner I do my homework, so before then I do what ever I like to do. Most days I like dinner because mum always does something different every day so it is never boring. I hate homework its just so boring and it seems to take forever to do. After Ive finish all my homework its too late to do anything else so I put my head on the pillow and drift off into of the land of nod.

Why Guanxi Play in Major Role in China Essay Example

Why Guanxi Play in Major Role in China Essay Why Guanxi and Mianzi Play an Important Role in Chinese Business Culture Diana Yuan Zhang University of Houston-Victoria Abstract The paper discussed why guanxi and mianzi are the main factors that directly affect the business and politic side of China, and this is molded culturally for the past five thousand years. And how is this cultural influence becoming stronger than ever before. By contrasting and analyzing guanxi and mianzi, this research paper is intended to point out the differences between values of China and U. S. A, and also the culture of China to have a better understanding why guanxi and mianzi is such a big deal. And end the research paper by how to build and maintain guanxi. Why Guanxi and Mianzi Play an Important Role in Chinese Business Culture The relationship between people is the most complicated thing in the world, the relationship between the Chinese are more subtle. Chinese people believes that â€Å" , † saying that at home one relies on ones parents and outside on ones friends. One thing that is really famous and special in China is how â€Å"relationship† works different from other countries and for foreigners to understand China’s culture and custom better; this is a necessary topic to cover. In order to facilitate the study of Chinese type of â€Å"relationship†, foreigners even create the world â€Å"guanxi†. Wikipedia describes guanxi as â€Å"the basic dynamic in personalized networks of influence, and is a central idea in Chinese society. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Guanxi Play in Major Role in China specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why Guanxi Play in Major Role in China specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why Guanxi Play in Major Role in China specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In Western media, the pinyin romanization of this Chinese word is becoming more widely used instead of the two common translations—connections and relationships—as neither of those terms sufficiently reflects the wide cultural implications that guanxi describes. † In the west, people commonly handle their business first and if the business is successful, a relationship will be built. However, in China people believe that prospective business partners should build a relationship first and if it is successful, business transactions will be followed. Every transaction make in China mostly start with a good relationship with your business partners and the logical development of close relationships is the Chinese concept of guanxi. Vanhonacker’s (2004) comment, â€Å"In the West, relationships grow out of deals. . . .In China, deals grow out of relationships,† Guanxi stands for any type of relationship. In the Chinese business world it is also understood as the network of relationships among various parties that cooperate together and support one another. Guanxi plays a very important role in Chinese’s life, because it directly affects the business and politic side of China, and this is molded culturally for the past five thousand years. â€Å"China, the great family of nationalities with minor estrangement among, in particular, is a society built based upon Confucianism where people are tied closely into varieties of guanxi, with which the social networks bind millions of Chinese firms into social and business webs, largely dictating their success. † (Wong 2007) Successful people understand this fact. Guanxi is a very important resource and capital, and many successful business people are deeply aware that having the right guanxi is the importance of their own success. They know that human do not live on the planet alone, and every human being has their own advantages and limitations. This is the reason why they know how to share ideas, mutual assistance, and the importance of mutual guidance, so they carefully cultivate relationships with each other. So when one faces difficulties and challenges, one will not be alone, and one will have strength and conviction. A successful person always has their own network of relationship; they work very carefully to operate their Guanxi. Many people has misunderstanding of the word â€Å"Guanxi† is just to ask people for help when you needed, just as some people think that communicative behavior occurs when you need something. When it comes to guanxi we must keep in mind: business negotiated with human. Stanford Research Center has published a survey report, concluded that: a person earns, 12. 5% from the knowledge, 87. 5% from the contacts. As you can see how important contacts play in role of our daily life. In China guanxi it is the key to everything: getting a new driver license, treated by a better doctor, getting into your dream school, landing a distribution deal, even eating at your favorite restaurant on a Friday night. Getting what you want in China means you have to have the right guanxi. Not only Guanxi occurs in China it is just that Guanxi in China can do put things in a whole in level. â€Å"In Europe or America who you know might help you get a job, or get your child into a decent school. In China who you have guanxi with can mean the difference between freedom and jail, justice or discrimination, wealth or poverty. Hayes 2005)† The Chinese term guanxi can also at times mean the â€Å"networking. † In China, the relationship is a complex thing. Commercial activities in china are characterized by guanxi can include side with government agencies, investors, partners, and even the relationship with their employees. By having the right guanxi in China, the company minimizes the setback, risk, and disappointments when doing business. Having the right Guanxi with the relevant authorities in China will determine the competitive standing of an organization in the long term run. In additional certain risks, barriers, and set-ups you’ll encounter in China will be minimized when you have the right Guanxi working for you. That is why the correct guanxi is so dynamic to any successful business strategy in China. In Irene Yeung and Rosalie Tung article they point out one popular saying in these societies puts it â€Å"Who you know is more important than what you know. † â€Å"Who you know† refers to personal connections with the appropriate authorities or individuals. (Young1996). Guanxi can be taken in many forms it does not have to be based on money. What is Mianzi? It is not possible to discuss guanxi without introducing the related concept of mianzi. A related issue, mianzi, or face, is equally important within Chinese social settings and therefore of significant importance in a business context. Mianzi is translated as â€Å"face† and is often interpreted as both the showing of respect (â€Å"giving face†) and ensuring you do not offend people (causing them to â€Å"lose face†). â€Å"In Asian culture, if someone has good face (or quite simply has face), such face means someone has a good reputation in front of ones peers. Interestingly enough, having good face is actually a bankable notion in Chinese culture. Having face in front of ones business colleagues or within a community is literally a statement of that persons value. If someone has good enough face, in some cases they can walk into a lending institution (such as smaller, privately operated banks), and take out a loan on their word only. People with good face are generally dependable, reliable, and safe to do business with. As we say in Western culture, His word is as good as gold. This is essentially what good face means. (Melendez 2007)† In western relationship helps the individual, but in China, they also define the individual. This is why â€Å"miazi† is all connected to â€Å"guanxi†. The concept of â€Å"mianzi† is very hard to explain in a few sentences. As David Yau-fai Ho, the first Asian to serve as the President of the International Council of Psychologists says, face is â€Å"a concept of central importa nce because of its pervasiveness with which it asserts its influence in social intercourse. It is virtually impossible to think of a facet of social life to which the question of face is irrelevant† Also a recent study conducted by the China Youth Daily found that over 93 percentage of the 1,150 respondents surveyed admitted that face is very important to them, with 75 percentage acknowledging that making a mistake in public was, by far, the most humiliating experience they could ever have (Shan, 2005). This study shows that most Chinese will do whatever to avoid looking bad in the public. To Chinese people â€Å"face† is a very important thing, sometimes to the extent of incomprehensible. Before Chinese people think face is sometimes even more important than life. The ancient Chinese idiom a â€Å" †, saying someone greeted a half-died starving man to dinner, but the host speaks very impolitely to him, the starving man feel insulted by the host, so he refuse to eat the dinner that the host offered, and rather starve to death. In today’s world we might think even though the host had a bad attitude, the half-died starving man should still eat the food first and maybe through rock at the host window later if the man felt insult by him. It is really hard for us to understand the face theory of the traditional Chinese culture. We have to realize two things: first, in the Chinese culture, mianzi represent individual social status and social value, that means personal behavior must be consistent with this identity image; secondly, mianzi is an important factor affecting the interpersonal relationship. You can think of face as respect, honor or reputation, you can also think of it as public image, particularly through the eyes of one’s close connection. China and the United State’ attitude toward â€Å"mianzi† are very different, which is the cultural communication problem cannot be avoided. China’s business culture stresses of mianzi should communicate effectively in a harmonious atmosphere. Mianzi play a decisive role in the communication. In respect of the Chinese people, the people have to deal with two major relationships, a relationship between man and nature, also person-to-person relationship. Western culture pays more attention to the relationship between man and nature, so that is why western’s natural science is especially developed. Chinese people are most focused on the relationship between people. If a Chinese person is bad at dealing with interpersonal relationships, then it is really hard for him to gain a foothold in the community. For example, in China, supervisor had convey a concept that is an employee make any mistake that mean he or her had â€Å"bring the shame† to the entire department. Even the â€Å"smear† is personal, it will still be considered as the whole department of â€Å"loose face†. Lost mianzi would be very difficult to re-establish the image of the collective. During negotiations if one feels he or her encountered each other lad to â€Å"loss of face†, the majority of Chinese negotiators will think it is very embarrassing, if the negotiation continue it will feel very awkward, and on the other hand only a small number of United State negotiators will think it is embarrassing. As you can see mianzi is key motivator among Chinese business people. Mianzi factors in many decisions and action taken in the business world, also in day to day life in china just as how guanxi play an important roe also. Understanding both of these concepts, and their importance in business relationships in China, it is manifest importance. It is possible to spend years developing a business network by applying a good guanxi In David Smith article he pointed out that: â€Å"understanding of guanxi, only to spectacularly fail because of a misunderstanding of mianzi†. â€Å"Face and guanxi (roughly spoken as gwahn-shee) work hand-in-hand. Where face is the substance the fuel that makes the Chinese business engine turn over, guanxi is the personalized glue that makes it all stick together as a working dynamic. Melendez 2007)† Chinese Culture Economics and culture are not developing as two parallel lines. They interact and affect each other reciprocally (Wong, 2007). When something goes wrong or you needed something to be done finding the right guanxi seems to be the only way in China. Some people think that the culture of guanxi came from their traditional way of farming production. It i s their tradition with close family relationships as a link to the family extends to the results of the social relation. To observe guanxi culture’s origin we have to think why we need guanxi? The Sole purpose of having the right guanxi is to get the benefits. Then why guanxi will be able to obtain benefit? Because there are some people out there hold benefits? And why the people who hold benefits are willing to have relationship to benefits the others? That is because he has a grasp of the public assets? In western guanxi is not as popular as in China is because; most of the assets they master is private. Even if one has hold of the public interest; the external supervision is very good. Back in ancient China, family is the most important thing in everybody life, from a normal all the way up to the emperor, there is no difference in the way they see family, they take care of the family first before they think of them self. Guanxi culture is deeply rooted in Chinese cultures because property, rights, including social resources never had a clear boundary. After Qin Dynasty establishes authoritarian rule system, the Chinese start to use this concept to rule the country, â€Å" , ; , (Under the whole heaven, every spot is the sovereigns ground; to the borders of the land, every individual is the sovereigns minister. ) In other words, all the rights are owned by the Royal. In such large system, the Royal hold their own family business† so the royal need to hire people to work for them, and then had a huge bureaucratic class. Bureaucratic class exists to do â€Å"steward† for the royal, In addition to their salary; they are not supposed to take any guard reso urces especially property. At the same time, most â€Å"steward† are not â€Å"saints†, and it is very difficult to face such a huge asset that they custody, and they do not want to appropriate to oneself. As assets custody, there are two pathways that they can â€Å"transfer† the assets. First, according to the system of royal legitimately transfer, second, transfer through less legitimate even very legitimate way. No matter which way they chose to transfer the asset, they need the help from other people. The first pick is to transfer to the people that they relatively close to. This way, they are doing a favor, they can earn mianzi and also they can earn gratitude, on top of that they can get something in return. At the same time, as people wants to get the public assets, rights and other resources, they will take advantage of a wide range of opportunities, and desperately to make good relationship with the people who have the rights of resource allocation. This relation is not an ordinary human contact, but to the interests of the benefit they can get. With this kind of â€Å"tacit â€Å"this is where all guanxi and mianzi started. Nepotism is very common for Chinese people, because for a country that used to rule under the Confucius ethics, in handing a lot of thing, the Chinese do not go by the formal or right way, but rely on the nepotism, that is why the community makes guanxi a very big deal. A research says â€Å"About 90 per cent of Chinas billionaires are the children of high-ranking officials. Princelings have fared far better in business than in politics, observed analyst Zhang Hua, who commented on the phenomenon in Hong Kongs Apple Daily in 2007. Not a single (princeling) family has been left behind, he said sardonically. The various families have carved out territories in various industries. The family of former premier Li Peng, for example, controls the countrys energy sector. His daughter Li Xiaolin is chairman of China Power International Development, an electricity monopoly. His son Li Xiaopeng used to head Huaneng Power, another energy heavyweight. The family of former Chinese president Jiang Zemin has moved into telecommunications, while the offspring of former premier Zhu Rongji are strong figures in banking. His son Levin Zhu is the chief executive of China International Capital Corp. The princelings began staking out their dominions in the business world in the 1980s when China was opening up its economy. Armed with their fathers connections, they were able to exploit the opportunities thrown up by Chinas economic transformation. By the 1980s, this economic revolution had led to much public disquiet, and when students staged protests at Tiananmen Square in 1989, much of their anger was initially directed at what they saw as rampant corruption by senior officials and their families. Tan 2009)† This research accurate description of the current situation in China put aside the high-ranking official even if an ordinary citizen who is looking for a good job, having good or right qualification that fit the job will not get you in, you also need to have the right guanxi. Many graduates who accomplished a lot during college, having the all kind of certificate, doing good internships, join ing top organizations, still can’t find a good job, to them they think all their certificate are just a blank sheet of paper. On the other hand, student who use to barely pass their class, lacking thought out college, but just because their family have the right guanxi, just after their graduation they can find a great job with all the benefit. Even though this kind of situation happens in the western too, but it is ten times worse. The people who have no money, no right, no guanxi always have to work for the one who have everything, perhaps this is today’s reality in China, no matter how hard you work, it is very hard for you just go on the top without the right guanxi. Confucianism In China people use more than half of their energy to handle relationship between each other, in another world is to build up the right guanxi. Guanxi interaction has been viewed by many scholars as an idiosyncratic cultural phenomenon (Lee and Ellis, 2000) where Confucianism is the major life philosophy. Confucius was the most influential and respected philosopher in Chinese history. His ideas were the strongest influence on Chinese society from around 100 BC till the early 20th century. The Chinese governments throughout this period of two millennia had made his ideas their official state philosophy. Confucian theories and philosophies were even exported to neighboring countries and honored as wise and noble ideals (Culture 2007). Chinese traditional ethics and cultural summed up that relations between people as â€Å" † (human relation). â€Å"Human Relation† is the specific personal, family, social relations, including interpersonal relationships. Confucian teachings are based on five human relationships that are founded on moral principles, Wu-lune ( ), the basic norms of guanxi, â€Å" , , , , that between the ruler and the ruled; that between parents and children; that between siblings; that between husband and wife; and that between friends. Above the five relationships, parent-child relationship, monarch relations is a fundamental relationship. More than thousands of year, no matter how Chinas feudal society development and changes, and how the different specific content change of human relationships over the years, but none of the Father and Sons (reflectin g kinship), Jun Chen (reflecting the political relations) the foundation of the concept of human relations shaken a bet. Confucian concept of human relations is the most fundamental is the word â€Å" â€Å"(virtue). Where â€Å"? † is father and son as a starting point to solve the problem of the relationship between the individual and the individual; and â€Å"? † solve the â€Å"monarch† The backbone of social relations. Confucianism is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture. Want to know why guanxi and mianzi is such a big thing in China; we have to start off by have a better understanding of Confucianism. Chinese culture has deeply influenced by the Confucianism, Thousands of years of feudal society taught nothing more than The Four Books (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Confucian Analects, and The Works of Mencius and The Five Classics (The Book of Songs, The Book of History, The Book of Changes, The book of Rites, and The Spring and Autumn annals Traditional thinking of the sense of responsibility, self-control thinking, and loyalty and final piety thinking are the result of the Confucianism and the feudal rule in combination. Therefore, Confucianism is the backbone of social relations. Pros: 1) Emphasis on education. Create individualized teaching methods and attention to individual difference in teaching, adept inspired teaching. 2) Pay attention to morality, decency and propriety, righteousness, consciously comply with truth and goodness. 3) Ideologically adept dialectical thinking, emphasis on the nature of agriculture, emphasis on experience , also that natural cycle are the root that causes of human reason. Promote agriculture-oriented due to actual resources of the ancient China. 4) To promote the country to ? (courtesy, manners), â€Å"ethical political†, if Western culture is the â€Å"intellectual† type than Chinese culture is â€Å"morality† type. Cons:1) Do not pay attention to importance of agricultural production of knowledge, do not pay attention to learning of science and knowledge. Strong sense of political purpose, Confucius is inclined to politics. 2) Do not emphasize to logic but pay much more attention to experience. ) Emphasize that the individual compliance to the group, repressed individual personality ideological unity caused national’s simple-minded filial piety and blind loyalty. 4) Ethical relationships solidified and absolute. The three cardinal guides (ruler guides subject, father guides son and husband guides wife) and the five constant virtues (benevolence; righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity) as specified in the feudal et hical code. Parents authoritarian. All these become personal oppression and spirit slaughter. Restrict thinking and way of life of the whole China; it is a forward resistance of history. 5) Ethical concept: hierarchy is most supreme, thus limiting the development of the natural sciences and technology. â€Å"Building upon the thoughts of others, Confucius codified the proper relationships between the ruler and the ruled, the father and son, the husband and wife, the elder and younger brother, and the teacher and student. (Neville 2012)† These are the main focus that Confucius had taught. Neville had said â€Å"All have roles and responsibilities in a Confucian system, and they are not equal. This concept might be very difficult for those who grow up in a society that is shaped by the Declaration of Independence. In many respects, Confucianism substitutes for an independent judiciary that has never really existed in China. â€Å"It provides a structure for moderating disputes and deciding who gets what,† â€Å"That is very different from a Western or an America n judicial system, in the sense that its premise is that not everybody is equal. In fact, people are inherently unequal under Confucianism. (Neville 2012)† Build and Maintain Guanxi Man are social animal, each individual has their own unique ideas, background, attitude, personality, behavior patterns and values. Interpersonal has a big influence on everyone living, working, and even organizational climate, organizations communication, organizational efficiency, and also has a great impact between the individual and the organization. Since we are a member of the society, we have to build relation with others, and right relation help us to get the right guanxi, where guanxi is a huge thing in China’s society. Since Chinese people prefer to do business with people they know and trust this is why after research and learning the Confucianism I listed of seven elements help to build guanxi in China: 1) To build the right guanxi the principle is to treat people sincerely, the prerequisite for building guanxi is trust and the most essential foundation of trust if that you believe in someone, which you have to be a person who is the same outside and inside. Also when you are trustworthiness they can get the feel of â€Å"You got my back, I got your back. 2) Be interested in other, not just let others be interested in you. Being interested in others will make one grateful, and we always like those people who are interest in ourselves. Also being interested in others will make them feel that you are caring. 3) Properly listen to get more useful information. Carefully understand others, and seek what can of help you can provide to the person you want to build guanxi with, to do so you would win th eir goodwill. 4) If you want to build guanxi with others you should try you best to be interest in that person, listen and understand them in your best way. So you can put yourself in other’s show. Being understood is the strongest need, which is why this is very important. 5) Do not promise thing you cannot do. Do not let others produce unrealistic in you. For example if a company promised to do something and it is due as it promised, then the company is showing trustworthiness and other companies would be more inclined to deal with that company. 6) Willing to help others. Small things can cause big change, many small things accumulate can make a tremendous change. You never know who you helping, that person might be the one who can help you in the future, and this is the key to build up guanxi. 7) Time are very valuable, saving one’s time is the most precious gift. You can do that by being on time, making that time with you valuable, and doing things efficiently. After you have built up guanxi with others, you have to maintain your guanxi. Reciprocal favors are the key factors to maintaining one’s guanxi and failure to do so can result in an end to one of your contacts. That is why guanxi can be a never ending cycle of doing favor for each other. Final Thought The finding of this study shows me a very good understanding of how important of guanxi and mianzi are in China when you are living there or doing business with them. Guanxi and mianzi are cultural concept that has been influenced the Chinese life for thousands of years and how Confucianism is the key to everything. 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